What is an American an Example by

What is an American? What is an American? A native or inhabitant of the United States of America? There is more to being an American than just physically living in the land of the free and the home of the brave. Being a melting pot of various cultures, religion, and beliefs, the spirit of being an American extends beyond borders. Being an American is a way of life and can be described in three words: Power, Heart and Wisdom (Time, Inc., 2008). Need essay sample on "What is an American?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The Power. We have welcomed the best the world has to offer: technology, products, food, athletes you name it, we have the best of it. We always take the initiative, taking risks along the way, but never lose hope of a better tomorrow for everyone (Hudgins, 1998). The Heart. We are a caring people. We hear. We respond. We have welcomed the tired and the poor, the wretched and the homeless; we have embraced and took them as our own. Our generosity enables us to help just about every other nation in the world in their time of need (Ferrara, 2001). The Wisdom. Throughout our history we have faced numerous challenges, and the lessons learned have allowed us to take great strides to being good citizens of this world. As the vanguard of democracy it is our duty to spread the news that a free society living in an enduring democracy can be attained and enjoyed by all. This is what being an American is all about. BIBLIOGRAPHY Ferrara, P. (2001, September 25). What is an American? - A Primer. Retrieved January 19, 2008, from Barefootsworld.net: http://www.barefootsworld.net/american.html Hudgins, E. K. (1998, July 3). What is an American? Retrieved January 19, 2008, from Cato.Org: https://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/what-is-american Time, Inc. (2008). What is an American?

A List of French Verbs With Correct Prepositions

A List of French Verbs With Correct Prepositions Many French verbs require a certain preposition in order for their meaning to be complete. Some of the verbs are followed by prepositions or de and others by no preposition at all. There is no apparent grammar rule to which verbs require a preposition and which do not, so it is a good idea to memorize the ones that do have a preposition attached.   The list below is organized alphabetically and includes verbs with prepositions. The prepositions are in italics to make them easy to spot. Abbreviation Key: In the French,  quelque chose is listed as qqch and  quelquun is written qqun, and in the English, someone is  s-o  and something is  s-t . French Verbs With Prepositions, A to C (sarbriter croire) sabriter contre (le vent) - to take shelter against (the wind)accepter de - to accept, agree toaccuser (qqun) de - to accuse (s-o) ofacheter - to buy fromacheter (qqch) sur le marchà © - to buy (s-t) at the marketachever de - to finishagir en - to act like/assagir de - to be a question ofaider - to help toaller - to go, to be going toaller vers (midi) - to go at around (noon)aller vers (Nice) - to go toward (Nice)samuser infinitive - to amuse oneself ___-ingapercevoir - to perceive, catch sight ofsapercevoir de - to noticeapprendre - to learn how tosapprà ªter - to get ready tosapprocher de - to approachapprouver - to approve ofappuyer sur (le bouton) - to press (the button)appuyer sur (le mur) - to lean on (the wall)sappuyer contre (un arbre) - to lean against (a tree)arracher - to grab, tear away from(s)arrà ªter de - to stop ___-ingarriver - to manage/succeed in ___-ingarriver de (Paris, Canada) - to arrive from (Paris, Canada)arriver par - to succeed through/byarriver sur (midi) - to arrive at around (noon)sasseoir contre (son ami) - to sit next to (ones friend)assister (la rà ©union) - to attend (the meeting)sassurer contre (lincendie) - to insure against (fire)attendre - to wait forsattendre - to expect tosautoriser - to authorize / allow toavertir de - to warn aboutavoir - to have to / be obliged toavoir beau (jai beau essayer) - despite doing (despite trying)avoir besoin de - to needavoir confiance en - to trustavoir envie de - to wantavoir peur de - to be afraid of ___-ingse battre contre - to fight againstblà ¢mer de - to blamese blottir contre (sa mà ¨re, son chien) - to cuddle up next to (ones mother, dog)boire qqchose dans (une tasse) - to drink something out of (a cup)casser en (morceaux, trois) - to break in(to) (pieces, three)cesser de - to stop, cease ___-ingchanger de (train) - to change (trains)se changer en - to change intochercher - to look forchercher - to attempt tochercher dans (la boà ®te) - to look in (the box)chois ir de - to choose tocommander ( qqun) de faire - to order (someone) to docommencer - to begin to, to begin ___-ingcommencer par - to begin by ___-ingcompter - to expect, intendcompter pour - to be worthcompter sur - to count onconcentrer sur - to concentrate oncondamner pour (meurtre) - to sentence for (murder)conseiller - to adviseconseiller qqun de faire qqch - to advise someone to do somethingconseiller de - to advise toconsentir - to consent tose contenter de - to be happy ___-ingcontinuer /de - to continue to, to continue ___-ingconvenir - to please, to be suitable forconvenir de - to agree toconvertir qqch en - to convert s-t intocopier sur qqun - to copy from s-ocouper en (deux) - to cut in (two)courir - to run (to do something)courir dans (lherbe) - to run through (the grass)coà »ter dans (les cent euros) - to cost about (100 euros)craindre de - to fear ___-ingcraindre pour (sa vie) - to fear for (ones life)creuser pour - to dig forcroire - to think, believecroire - t o believe somethingcroire en - to believe incroire qqun sur parole - to take someones word French Verbs With Prepositions, D to I (daigner inviter) daigner  - to deign todà ©cider (qqun)   - to persuade (s-o) todà ©cider de  - to decide tose  dà ©cider   - to make up ones mind todà ©fendre (qqun)  - to forbid (s-o)dà ©fendre   qqun  de  faire  qqch  - to forbid s-o to do  s-tdà ©fendre de (qqch)  - to forbid (s-t)se  dà ©guiser en  - to disguise oneself asdemander  - to ask fordemander (qqun)  - to ask (someone)demander (faire  qqch)  - to ask (for permission to do something)demander   qqun  de  faire  qqch  - to ask s-o to do  s-tse  dà ©pà ªcher de  - to hurry todà ©pendre de  - to depend ondà ©plaire   - to  displease / be  displeasing todà ©ranger  qqun  de  - to bother s-o todescendre  - to go down(stairs)dà ©sirer  - to wantdà ©sobà ©ir   - to disobeydà ©tester  - to hatedevoir  - to have to, be obliged todire   (qqun)  - to say to, to tell (s-o)dire   qqun  de  faire  qqch  - to tell someone to do somethingdirige r  son attention  sur  - to direction ones attention tose  diriger  vers  - to move toward/make/head fordonner  qqch  - to give somethingdonner  qqch  contre  - to give something in exchange fordonner  qqch  Ã‚  qqun  - to give s-o s-t, to give s-t to  s-odonner  sur  - to overlook, open ontodormir  (la  nuit) - to sleep (at night)douter  de  - to doubtà ©changer  qqch  contre  qqch  - to exchange something for s-t elseà ©couter (la radio)  - to listen to (the radio)à ©crire en (encre, franà §ais)  - to write in (ink, French)à ©crire  sur  - to write aboutsefforcer  de  - to endeavor toemmener  - to takesemparer  de  - to grabempà ªcher de  - to prevent, keep from ___-ingsempresser  de  - to hurry toemprunter  un livre   qqun  - to borrow a book from  s-oencourager  qqun  Ã‚  faire  - to encourage s-o to dosendormir  sur  (un livre, son travail)  - to fall asleep (over a book, at work )sengager  Ã‚  - to get around toennuyer  qqun  de  - to bother/upset s-o toenseigner  Ã‚  - to teach toentendre  - to hearentrer  - to enter (in order to do something)entrer  dans  - to enterenvoyer  (qqch) (qqun)  - to send (s-t) to (s-o)envoyer  chercher  - to send foressayer  - to try onessayer de  - to try tosà ©tendre  sur  - to spread out oversà ©tonner de  - to be astonished byà ªtre  Ã‚  - to belong toà ªtre censà ©Ã‚  - to be supposed toà ªtre en colà ¨re  contre  - to be angry atà ªtre pour  - to be in favor ofà ªtre vers (Paris, 3h00)  - to be around/near (Paris, 3:00)sexcuser  de  - to apologize for ___-ingse  fà ¢cher  contre  - to get mad atfaillir  - to almost do somethingfaire   infinitive  (causative) - to cause tofaire  attention  Ã‚  - to pay attention tofalloir  (il  faut)  - to be necessary tofà ©liciter  qqun  de  - to congratulate s-o for/onfermer  la  porte  sur  soi  - to close the door behind oneselfse  fier   (qqun)  - to trust (s-o)se  figurer  - to imagine, picturefinir  de  - to finish ___-ingfinir  par  - to end up ___-ing / to finally do  s-tfouiller  dans  (qqch)  - to look through (s-t)goà »ter   qqch  - to taste somethinggrignoter  qqch  - to nibble on, eat away at somethinggronder  de  - to scold for ___-inghabiter  ()  - optional preposition - to live inhabiter  par (ici)  - to live around (here)shabituer  Ã‚  - to get used tose  hà ¢ter de  - to hurry tohà ©riter de (qqch  /  qqun)  - to inherit (s-t / from s-o)hà ©siter   - to hesitate toignorer  - to be unaware ofsimaginer  - to imagineinterdire  Ã‚  - to forbidinterdire  Ã‚  qqun  de  faire  qqch  - to forbid s-o to do  s-tsintà ©resser   - to be interested ininterroger  qqun  sur  qqch  - to question s-o about  s-tinviter (qqun)   - to invite (s-o) to French Verbs With Prepositions, J to P (jeter punir de) jeter (qqch)   - to throw (s-t) tose jeter sur qqun  - to throw oneself upon someonejouer  Ã‚  - to play (a game or a sport)jouer de  - to play (an instrument)jouir de  - to enjoyjurer par  - to swear bylaisser  - to allowlaisser pour (mort)  - to leave for (dead)lire dans (le journal)  - to read in (the paper)loucher sur  - to oglemanger dans la main qqun  - to eat out of someones handmanger dans lassiette  - to eat off of a platemanquer  Ã‚  - to miss someonemanquer de  - to neglect, fail to (do s-t), to lackse mà ©fier de  - to distrust, beware ofmà ªler   - to mingle with / to join inmà ©riter de  - to deserve tomà ©surer en (mà ¨tres)  - to measure in (meters)mettre  - to put onmettre son espoir dans  - to pin ones hopes onse mettre   - to start, set about ___-ingse mettre contre le mur  - to stand against the wallse mettre en colà ¨re  - to get madse mettre en route  - to set outmonter  - to go up, climbse moquer  de  - to make fun ofnier  - to denynuire   - to harmobà ©ir   - to obeyobliger   - to oblige toobtenir qqch par  - to obtain something bysoccuper de  - to be busy withoffrir de  - to offer toordonner qqun de faire qqch  - to order s-o to do s-toser  - to dareoublier de  - to forget toparaà ®tre  - to appear, seempardonner   - to pardon, forgiveparler   - to talk toparler de  - to talk aboutparler pour  - to speak on behalf ofpartir  dans (10 minutes)  - to leave in (10 minutes)partir dans (les montagnes)  - to leave for (the mountains)partir de  - to leavepartir pour  - to leave for/be off toparvenir   - to succeed in ___-ingse  passer  de  - to do withoutpasser du temps   - to spend time ___-ingpayer (le repas)  - to pay for (the meal)payer pour (qqun)  - to pay for (someone)se pencher pour  - to bend down in order topenser  faire  - to plan on, intend topenser   - to think about (imagine)penser de  - to think about (o pinion)perdre du temps   - to waste time ___-ingpermettre   - to permit(se) permettre de  - to allow (oneself) topermettre qqun de faire qqch  - to allow s-o to do s-tpersister   - to persist in ___-ingpersuader de  - to persuade tose plaindre de  - to complain aboutplaire   - to please / be pleasing tose plaire   - to take pleasure in ___-ingpleurer  - to cry aboutpleuvoir dans (la France)  - to rain in (France)pousser (qqun)   - to push/urge (s-o) topouvoir  - to be able toprà ©fà ©rer  - to preferprà ©fà ©rer ___ ___  - to prefer ___ to/over ___, to like ___ more than ___prendre  garde de  - to be careful not toprendre le parti de  - to decide toprendre modà ¨le sur qqun  - to model oneself on someoneprendre qqch dans (une boà ®te)  - to take s-t from (a box)prendre qqun par (la main)  - to take s-o by (the hand)se prà ©parer   - to prepare oneself tose presser de  - to hurry toprà ©tendre  - to claimprier  - to pray top rier de  - to beg toprofiter   - to benefit / be profitable toprofiter de  - to make the most ofpromettre qqun de faire qqch  - to promise s-o to do s-tpromettre de  - to promise toproposer de  - to suggest ___-ingpuer  - to stink ofpunir de  - to punish for French Verbs With Prepositions, Q to V (questionner voyager) questionner qqun sur qqch  - to question s-o about s-tquà ªter pour (les orphelins)  - to collect for (orphans)recommencer   - to begin ___-ing againrecompenser de  - to reward forrà ©flà ©chir   - to consider ___-ingrà ©flà ©chir sur  - to think about, reflect uponrefuser de  - to refuse toregarder  - to watch, look atregarder dans (la boà ®te)  - to look in (the box)regarder vers (le sud)  - to face/look (south)rà ©gner sur  - to reign overregretter de  - to regret ___-ingrejeter une faute sur qqun  - to place the blame on someoneremercier de  - to thank for ___-ingremercier pour  - to thank forse rendre compte  de  - to realizerenoncer   - to give up ___-ingrentrer  - to go homerà ©pondre   - to answerrà ©sister   - to resistressembler   - to resembleressembler par  - to resemble due torester sur la dà ©fensive  - to stay on the defensiverester sur ses gardes  - to keep ones guard upretourner  - to return, go backrà ©u ssir  - to make a success of, to pull offrà ©ussir   - to succeed in ___-ingrà ©ussir lexamen  - to pass the testrevenir  - to come backrevenir sur (un sujet)  - to go back over (a topic)rà ªver   - to dream of ___-ingrà ªver de  - to dream of ___-ingrire de  - to laugh atrisquer  - to risk (something)risquer de  - to risk ___-ingsauter sur une occasion  - to jump at an opportunitysavoir  - to know howsembler  - to seemsentir  - to feel, to smell (of)serrer la main (qqun)  - to shake hands with (s-o)serrer qqun contre sa poitrine/son coeur  - to hug someoneservir  - to serveservir   - to be used as/forservir de  - to put to use asse servir de  - to make use ofsigner pour (quelquun)  - to sign on behalf of (someone)soigner  - to take care ofsonger   - to dream / think ofsopposer   - to opposesortir  - to go out (in order to do something)sortir par (la fenà ªtre)  - to leave by (the window)se soucier de  - to care aboutsouha iter  - to wishse souvenir de  - to remembersubir  - to be subjected tosuccà ©der   - to succeed, followsupplier de  - to be / beseechsurvivre   - to survivetà ¢cher de  - to try totarder   - to delay / be late in ___-ingtà ©là ©phoner qqun  - to calltà ©là ©phoner qqun de faire qqch  - to call s-o to do s-ttà ©là ©phoner pour (le problà ¨me)  - to phone about (the problem)tenir  Ã‚  - to hold (s-o) to, to insist on ___-ingtenir de  - to take after, resembletirer sur  - to shoot attourner sur (là ©glise, la droite)  - to turn (toward the church, right)tourner vers (la droite)  - to turn to (the right)traduire en (franà §ais)  - to translate into (French)traduire vers (le franà §ais)  - to translate into (French)transformer qqch (en qqch)  - to change s-t (into s-t)travailler pour  - to work forse tromper de  - to mistaketroquer qqch contre qqch  - to swap something for s-t elsevaloir mieux  - to be preferablese vendre en (b outeilles)  - to be sold in (bottles)venir  (dà ®ner, aider)  - to come (for dinner, to help)venir   - to happen tovenir de  - to have just (done s-t)venir par (la cà ´te)  - to come along/by (the coast)vivre dans (la misà ¨re, la peur)  - to live in (poverty, fear)vivre de (ses rentes)  - to live on (ones income)voir  - to seevoter contre  - to vote againstvoter pour  - to vote forvouloir  - to wantvoyager en (train, taxi)  - to travel by (train, taxi)

Take a theme of the poet Cathy Song and explain, prove it thru support Essay

Take a theme of the poet Cathy Song and explain, prove it thru support and analysis of at least 3 poems, using point by point me - Essay Example This realization seems to have become an impetus for her creative sensibility. The recurrence of this theme of filial connections forms the pervasive subject and the thematic content of her poetry. Song has credited her early interest in writing to her family’s travels: â€Å"Our family travels started my writing. I guess I was around nine years old when I decided I wanted to be the family chronicler† ( â€Å" Poetry Foundation†). From this quote we can infer that incessant traveling with her family does have an impact on her creative genius and may also have made her admit the importance of these family relationships in a person’s life. â€Å"Song’s poetic oeuvre is united by her abiding focus on family. The moral ties that bind women to children and parents, to their community, to tradition, and to the land are continuously interwoven throughout her verse† ( â€Å" Poetry Foundation† ). We also find a mention of some broader themes l ike impact of immigration on the lives of the people. But whatever she sees these things, she sees them through the kaleidoscope of her family. In her poetry, Cathy Song usually examines the everyday world that touches and affects her. Cucinella observes: As such, possible topics for Song’s poetry include the lives of her grandparents in Hawaii following their immigration from China and Korea, the resistance of third generation Asian Americans to the traditional Asian Ways and their paradoxical needs to embrace their Asian ancestry, and the more mundane aspect of her life as a daughter, mother , and wife (353). In her third collection of poem, School Figure, â€Å"Song explores further than before relationships between husband and wife, mother and son, and mother and daughter. â€Å" The Grammar Silk† explores how a mother wishes a better life and escape for her daughter†( Cucinella 353). In the following lines we will explore the extent and scope of this recurr ent theme of family ties in Cathy’s poetry. Our probe will further be delimited to mother-daughter relationship in her poetry. All the nuances of this relationship will be explored to strengthen our thesis that Cathy’s close association with her family became the cause of her creative genius and made her imprint different facets of her connection with her parents and especially of her mother. Our analysis will be based on three of Song’s representative poems:† The Grammar of Silk†, â€Å"The Youngest Daughter† and â€Å"The White Wash†. The Grammar of Silk The grammar of silk shows a mother’ concern for her daughter and desire to see her past and future in her. The mother is trying to accomplish what was missing in her. â€Å"She was determined that I should sew/ as if she knew what she herself was missing† ( Song Lines 49-50).That’s why she has sent her to a sewing school. She wants to ensure that her daughter shou ld be an accomplished seamstress and should learn this art to the perfection. The mother’s choice seems to be pleasing for her daughter. On Saturdays in the morning my mother sent me to Mrs. Umemoto’s sewing school. It was cool and airy in her basement, pleasant—a word I choose (Song Lins 1-4). The place is not just a sewing school. It assumes a higher existence and transforms into a safe haven for women. Song reflects: This evidently was a sanctuary, a place where women confined with children conferred, consulted the oracle, the stone tablets of the latest pattern books( Song Lines 27-30). The Youngest Daugh

Weight Loss Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Weight Loss Programs - Essay Example t quickly, but, as seen in many follow up studies on a diet’s success rate, the long-term results are further weight gain and possible health side effects. In essence, the very word ‘diet’ implies a short-term effort rather than a long-term commitment. In this case, the program that will be discussed today should not be thought of as a diet, but a lifestyle plan that is easy to follow, realistic in its requirements and expectations, and accessible to all people regardless of their income levels. The program is the Zone Diet. This program is in the category of â€Å"right-food-combination† diets that base their eating plan on the belief that, in certain healthy combinations, the body will lose extra fat and return to a health body weight (Nathan & Delahanty, 150). The Zone Diet, created by Dr. Barry Sears, was introduced in 1995. Dr. Sears is a certified biochemist who argues that people gain weight due to unstable blood sugar levels and hormonal imbalances. The type of food and the quantities in which we eat certain foods contribute significantly to these issues. Unlike other low-carbohydrate diets, the Zone Diet is not as restrictive as the Atkin diet that prohibits the consumption of carbohydrates. Our body needs carbohydrates like our cars need gasoline; carbohydrates are the fuel for our bodies that provide us energy. However, what Dr. Sears highlights is that people’s daily diets are too high in carbohydrates, which is causing weight gain. The best example for why we keep gaining weig ht is to compare our high-carbohydrate diets to the high-carbohydrate diets of livestock. Cows fed on a diet rich in grass, food they are meant to eat, stay relatively thin; however, cows fed on a diet rich in carbohydrates, such as corn, become much fatter and in a shorter amount of time (DrSears.com). This example clearly demonstrates that, if consuming the proper foods in the proper quantities, all living things will return to and remain at a health body

Genetically Engineered Crop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Genetically Engineered Crop - Essay Example Although genetically modified food may be an effective answer to the growing demands of more food products for more people, especially in the poorest areas in the world, where food production is extremely rare, yet there are many dangers that are involved in genetically modified food. Proponents of genetically modified crops believe that this technology can provide an effective solution for the world food crisis. Experts indicate that the food crisis will persist in the world with greater sensitivity in poor countries. In the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, for example, the dramatic surge in food prices, driven by the globalization of the market economy on the one hand and the mismatch between population growth and low agricultural productivity on the other hand, suggest tomorrow even more catastrophic if nothing is done now to start a real structural development of sustainable agriculture and the economy as a whole. As such, many scientists believe that the solution for poor countr ies to get out of the food crisis and protect millions of people from starvation is inevitably the adoption of urgent large-scale genetically engineered crops (Council for Biotechnology Information). They will thus be able to master and apply them to the production of food products to feed the African people and not just the production of crops used for Western industrial economies. However, some scientists provide refutation for this claim. For example, Miguel A. Altieri and Peter Rosset argue that â€Å"recent experimental trials have shown that genetically engineered seeds do not increase the yield of crops† (Altieri and Rosset, p. 608). Thus, the strongest point in favor of genetically engineered crops, which is the role this technology can play in confronting food shortage, is challenged by many scientists. In trying to weigh the dangers of genetically engineered crops, it can be said that this technology is not a totally safe solution for the problem of food shortage. T here are numerous studies which show that this technology may have some dangerous impacts on the health of humans. Actually, the lack of adequate testing is one of the reasons why we cannot be sure that the technology of genes extraction can be safe. This lack of enough experiments is extremely dangerous, as it may turn out on the long run that genetically modified food may have detrimental effects on future generations. Thus, the lack of safety testing is one of the defects of the implementation of genetically modified food approach. Current testing focuses on the growth and development of crops, while there is less emphasis given to testing of the effects on the wider ecology of plants, and the associated effects of this new technology on human beings. Also, we cannot be yet sure of the long term effects of this technology on humans and environment. In addition, another threatening factor in the issue of genetically modified food is that the research about this new technology is c urrently handled by few huge corporations, whose main aim is to maximize their profits, disregarding the impacts on humans. As argued by Miguel A. Altieri

Which Theoretical Perspective Of Politics Is Most Persuasive?

Which Theoretical Perspective Of Politics Is Most Persuasive? This essay will highlight that pluralism is the most persuasive political state theory as it reflects democracy and equality within the state. I will indicate why I am persuaded most by pluralism by highlighting its ontological and epistemological position, pluralistic beliefs on the diffusion of power, plurality of groups and the presence of pluralist issues, such as multiculturalism, in our current society. This essay will go on to explain that despite being persuaded most by pluralism, like all theories, it has downfalls, for example its limited belief in faces of power. In order to highlight weaknesses in pluralist state theory I will draw on Marxism and elitism, which are becoming increasingly persuasive as their presence in society escalates. Pluralists argue that there are essential differences of being that provide the foundations upon which social life is built (Marsh Furlong, 2002, p.18). This statement reflects pluralists as ontologically foundational as they recognise the importance of social interaction in order for a state to function efficiently. Elitists and Marxists, on the other hand, are anti-foundational by believing nothing is definitive as everything can be altered. Ontologically, pluralisms foundational belief is more persuasive as they identify that social differences in norms and belief shape our society; they recognise that change occurs at a local level but in order to maintain stability diversity must remain at the base of society. In order to explain behaviour pluralists establish causal relationships between social phenomena emphasising their positivist epistemological positioning (Marsh Furlong: 2002:20). Positivists promote unity within a society to maximise equality and prevent power being unfairly dispersed. Realism, which includes Marxism and elitism, is the opposite to positivism in terms of epistemological positioning. Realists concentrate on government and power rather than society in order to focus on their own national interests instead of the interests of society (Ferraro: mytholyke.edu). They disregard society from political processes in order to act in the interest of the state rather than the people; for example Marxism focuses on individuals who want to maximise capital for their own benefits. This highlights that pluralists foundational position is more persuasive as, unlike realism, it focuses on the interests of the people, as society and politics are interrelated. Pluralism is perceived as instrumentalist as it sees the state as an instrument rather than a set of structures (Hay: 2002: 174) meaning pluralists do not regard the state as a uniform and primary body in itself, but rather as a society of societies (McLennan: 1995: 33). Pluralists believe the states responsibility is to allow society to voice its beliefs by placing citizens at the heart of the institution; rather than a centralized state based purely on politics and governments (Stears cited in Smith: 2006: 24). The pluralist view of the state is more socially inclusive than Marxist and elitist state theory as they believe groups and the diffusion of power within society provides the foundations of the state and politics (Smith: 2006: 23). This is juxtaposed by elitist state theory which believes power is concentrated in the state and citizens have little or no impact on policy decision (Kavanagh, Richards, Smith Geddes: 2006: 25). Elitism and Marxism, like pluralism, see the state as instrumentalist, however, whilst pluralists believe the state to be an instrument used by society to maintain equality and democracy, Marxism and elitism see the state as an instrument in the hands of the ruling class for enforcing and guaranteeing the stability of the class structure itself (Sweezy cited in Hay: 2006: 61). Here the state is observed as a vital nodal point in societal functioning as elites hold onto power and use it to influence and imprint their wants on society. Pluralisms view of the state is the most persuasive as it grants society with the ability to bring about change instead of elites dominating society, politics and the economy. Over the years Pluralism has adapted to social changes and academic critiques in order to advance in the political arena by offering a more realistic view of society and politics (Smith: 2006: 37). All three pluralist models classical, reformed (elite) and neo-pluralism acknowledge the dispersion of power between a variety of institutions and interest groups, Mouffe states that a pluralist society is the articulation of a multiplicity of identities (cited in Buckler: 2002: 190). By allowing group plurality it encourages the dispersion of power, preventing a single group or interest to dominate society which is common in elitism and Marxism (McAnulla: 2002: 278). Pluralists believe the dispersion of power between a variety of groups is key to a democratic state as it is the building block of politics and the state (Smith: 2006: 23). It allows non-governmental organisations, media and political parties to voice their beliefs in a society which appreciates the importance of an eclecti c range of attitudes and beliefs. Group plurality and the interests of the citizens are key in maintaining a diverse socio-culture and preventing elitists dominating society. Reformed and neo-pluralists have identified that in certain areas, such as the business sector, power may become more concentrated as the influence businesses hold over the government increases and state policies are created in consideration of key business sectors (McLenna: 1995: 36). Lindblom, a neo-pluralist, saw business as not just having power through its lobbying ability but having structural power (cited in Smith: 2006: 28). In todays society, globalisation has led to a rise in the power and influence of businesses as governments recognise that trade and business relations assist their state as they reap the social, political and economic benefits. The acknowledgement of the concentration of power in certain areas augments pluralisms persuasive power as reformed and neo-pluralists highlight adaptations made to the classical model in order to make it more precise. This belief sways me to believe pluralism is the most persuasive theory by offering a true representation of socie tys attitudes and beliefs. Pluralists believe that power is located within society, however, elitists believe it originates in the political arena and Marxists in the economic arena. Pluralism provides the most appropriate and democratic arena for power as it relies on the people in society to voice their beliefs and influence politics; representing national interests rather than self-interest (McAnulla: 2002: 278). Marxism, however, believes politics and economics are interlinked, whilst pluralists are careful to separate politics and economic power as they identify that all economically powerful actors do not automatically have political power (Kavanagh, Richards, Smith Geddes: 2006: 24). Marxists think that economic power equals political power but this is not the case in a democratic world. This places pluralism in a more persuasive position as it recognises that capital is not necessary in order to gain power. Pluralism is visible in society by the presence of multi-level governance, meaning there is not a single centre of government but many, which link together as a whole variety of actors, be they at the local, national or supranational level (Smith: 2006: 31). Multi-level governance allows greater, more influential social involvement with the government and politics. This reiterates pluralists belief in the dispersion of power as it prevents the concentration of political power and decision-making in one political arena, instead disperses it between local government constituencies (Widdicombe report cited in Wilson: 2003: 270). Local government is important to pluralists as they believe it is the most comprehensive method of social involvement in politics by reflecting the political beliefs of citizens in peripheral areas. Multi-level governance is present in order to represent the people, however, this is contrary to the views of elitists and Marxists who are self-interested actors an d do not share similar beliefs about the dispersion of political power. In elitist theory there is a clear dichotomy between classes, Evans states: In all societiestwo classes of people appear a class that rules and a class that is ruled. The first class, always the less numerous, performs all political functions, monopolizes power and enjoys the advantages that power brings, whereas the second, the more numerous class, is directed and controlled by the first. (2006: 39) Elitists believe politics is characterised by elite domination; individuals who do not communicate and form relationships with society, instead create legislation favourable only to elites. They see the state as consisting of us elites and them citizens without social or political standing instead of recognising that to achieve an efficient and democratic state the two classes must be inter-related. This lack of communication between politics and society is detrimental to the existence of elitism as citizens want their voice heard in the political arena and without multi-level governance this is difficult to achieve. Self-interested Marxists also fail to recognise the importance of multi-level governance as their concern is not the public good, but increasing budgets because this increases their power, status and job security (Kavanagh, Richards, Smith Geddes: 2006: 28). Marxists are concerned with legislation which maximises economic returns for the government, for example income tax, rather than focusing on social or political issues. The elitist and Marxist conceptions of a governing elite and ruling class are very similar as both concepts highlight socio-economic and political inequalities between rulers and the masses (Evans: 2006: 39). However, both are undermined by their lack of attention to the presence of politics in the social arena, they disregard citizens as both theories see them as underdogs to political and capital elites. Pluralism, on the other hand, recognises the importance of societys voice in political proceedings, justifying the existence of multi-level governance. The pre sence of multi-level governance, therefore, is evidence why I believe pluralism to be a persuasive theory the people come first. Pluralists encourage group plurality not only in politics but also in everyday society. Multiculturalism is based on the idea that no single set of norms or values should dominate a society, therefore, reinforcing the pluralist belief of equality and power dispersion (Smith: 2006: 35). In a multicultural society, a range of cultures, attitudes and beliefs from a variety of ethnic backgrounds become integrated within the community, producing an impartial framework without elite domination (Modood: 2005: 109). Over the years, Britain has been witness to a growing number of cultures in our country, welcoming and incorporated them into our own, such numbers have arrived that we can no longer state that whites are Britains elite. For example, London is one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the world as it is home to 300 languages, 50 non-indigenous communities with populations of 10,000 or morealmost a third of the citys residents were born outside England (2.2m) (guardian.co.uk: 2005). Pluralism believes multiculturalism within Britain highlights the importance of social diversity and the acceptance of a different cultures and norms in order to maintain equality, thus offering concrete evidence for pluralism being the most persuasive state theory. Like all theories there are weaknesses in pluralist state theory, to highlight these I will now critique pluralism with elitism and Marxism. The most controversial issue surrounding pluralism is their view of power. Classical pluralists believe in the first face of power which states that power is witnessed by an individual, so can therefore be measured. It was the Classical pluralist, Robert Dahl who defined the first face as A had power over B to the extent that s/he can get B to do something B would not do otherwise' (cited in Hay: 1997: 46). The first face of power is known as the decision-making process as the decision made by A consequently influences the actions of B. Pluralists believe that powerful actors are those whose opinion holds sway in the decision-making arena, whether a parliament, cabinet or diplomatic negotiation (Hay: 2002: 172). Elitists believe that there are two faces and that decision-making is not the only means of attaining power. The pluralist first face provides the foundations of elitisms second face of power. This face was created by Bachrach and Baratz who recognised that power could be gained through the process of agenda-setting, not only decision-making (Hay: 1997: 46). Agenda-setting occurs when A sets an agenda leaving B with a restricted number of options in the decision-making process. Bachrach and Baratz believed that the process of agenda-setting would broaden the concept of power, and with it the political as pluralisms first face restricted these (Hay: 2002: 175). Pluralists describe power as explicit as it can be easily observed, the elitist second face, however, is more implicit and unobservable as it depicts how power can be handled by A in an attempt to alter Bs decision. In 1971, a third face of power was created by Steven Lukes, a Marxist. His third face recognises a persons ability to manipulate a persons wants through the mechanisms of institutionalised persuasion via a process known as preference shaping (Lukes cited in Hay: 2002: 179). Marxists accept that it is not always possible to observe power, so focus their ideas around the second and third faces of power. This highlights weaknesses in the pluralist view of power as they fail to consider the possibility of power being manipulated or concealed within society. This means the pluralist view of power is not the most persuasive, instead the Marxist view can be seen as most persuasive as it identifies unobservable power and acknowledges the ability to manipulate power (Hay: 1997: 47). Pluralism can be seen as an idealised view of the state where everyone is equal, a view which is not wholly realistic in todays world. Many believe that Marxism and elitism provide more accurate representations of the world today due to globalisation. Whilst pluralism is preferred by citizens as they feel it gives them hope for political and social equality, in reality Marxist and elitist beliefs control our society due to a select number of institutions and actors dominating decision-making arenas. Globalisation is vastly important for global trade and development, however, it is run by elites purely to maximise capital; the wants of the people are not considered. In recent years elitism has paved the way for globalisation as we have seen the emergence of new elites at the transnational (e.g. multinational corporations), supranational (e.g. the European Union bureaucratic elite) and international (e.g. international policy-making elites associated with global financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank) levels (Evans: 2006: 40). These institutions are supervised by elites who have the power to dictate our lives from afar. A key example of elitist domination is the Lisbon Treaty recently ratified by the European Union (EU) which many believe to be undemocratic as it limits member states sovereignty. Due to the Treaty, the European Parliament, Council, Commission and the Court have the power to make decisions which member states have to abide to by EU law (Maurer: 1999: 3). The decision-making process here is centred around EU institutions and left in the hands of elites who dictate laws to member states; the citizens lack the power or influence to instigate change. One could say that elitist globalisation requires aspects of pluralism, as in order for these institutions to operate a network must exist allowing co-operation between parties. These institutions recognise the need for a support network in order to maximise efficiency, a global elite network is thus created in order to maintain its power base in society (Evans: 2006: 40). It is clear to see how elites, whether political or business, can dominate global decision-making via globalisation, globalisation has aided elite domination by restricting societys hold on politics. Globalisation can be interpreted, not only through elitist beliefs, but also Marxist beliefs as globalisation is the internationalisation of capital (Jessop cited in Hay: 2006: 77). Globalisation centres around trade as trade generates capital accumulation which is of primary importance to capitalists. Engels stated the modern stateis essentially a capitalist machine as maximising profit was the only aspect of the state deemed important (Cited in Hay: 2006: 62). Marxists highlight the influence self-interested capitalists have had on the globalisation process by centralizing economic greed, rather than considering the political or social needs of the state. Marxist theory can therefore, offer an accurate analysis of globalisation as capitalists, like the elites, are working against the people in an attempt to fulfil their own needs. This highlights that Marxism and elitism, despite disadvantaging society, are more persuasive theories in reality due to the impact and influence globali sation is having on the world. Elitists believe rulers of society are engaged in an ongoing process of competitive elitism (Evans: 2006: 40). Competitive elitism allows elites to compete against each other in order to achieve something they other party may also want, for example politicians see the electoral arena like a market and have to attract the greatest possible number of votes (Kavanagh, Richards, Smith Geddes: 2006: 27). At face value, politicians want to appear to consider the wants of society in order to win votes, however, in reality they do not care as much about the people as they appear to; winning the election and beating their opponent is more important. A prime example of competitive elitism occurring in society is the upcoming elections as each party is focussing on the oppositions negatives rather than what they will offer the country if they win the election. This is an attempt to smear their rivals campaign by highlighting negatives within their agendas, for example, the Conservative Partys campaign posters for the 2010 elections mar Gordon Browns actions whilst Prime Minister with headlines such as I doubled the tax rate for the poor. Vote for me. And I took billions from pensions. Vote for me. (conservatives.com: 2010). Actions such as these undertaken by political actors emphasise competitive elitism within politics; the national interest takes second place to the wants of the political elites. Competitive elitism highlights the occurrence of elitism within society as elites are self-interested and want to maximise power, despite degrading politics and society in the process. I conclude that pluralism is the most persuasive political state theory due to its belief in the dispersion of power and group plurality enhancing equality, both socially and politically, making the state more democratic as the voices of the people are heard. However, emancipation of the people has not yet succeeded as pluralism is seen as too idealistic, instead elitism and Marxism remain in control and restrict society. Globalisation is fuelling these state theories as institutions and actors are too concerned with their own interests to consider others. This essay concludes, therefore, that despite pluralism comprising of idealistic qualities there are aspects of it in todays society, which gives society hope for the future. An equal and democratic pluralist state is within reach providing globalisation and the actions of elites are monitored.

Drinking and Driving Essay -- Drunk Driving, DUI, Alcohol

â€Å"Have one drink for the road† was, until recently, a commonly used phrase in American culture. It has only been within the past 20 years that as a nation, we have begun to recognize the dangers associated with drunk driving (Sutton 463). According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, this year 519,000 people, or one person per minute, will be injured in alcohol-related accidents. 10,839 people will die in drunk-driving crashes this year – that is one death every 50 minutes. The heartbreaking part is, every injury and lost life due to driving after drinking can be prevented. Drinking while driving â€Å"accidents† are not merely â€Å"accidents.† Getting in a vehicle after consuming alcohol, which severely affects the function of the brain, is not an accident. It is lack of responsibility. Individuals that consume alcohol irresponsibly must begin to take responsibility for themselves and for other innocent drivers on the road. Unfort unately, in spite of great progress, alcohol-impaired driving remains a serious national problem that tragically affects many victims annually (Hanson). It is time that laws and consequences for drinking while driving strengthen and people begin to think twice before driving a vehicle after drinking. Individuals who make the decision to drive after consuming alcohol, not only put themselves in a dangerous situation, they also put an entire community at risk. Current laws, which are not strict or powerful enough, must be increased in order to keep our neighborhoods around the nation safe. Although many people think current drinking while driving limits and laws are strict enough, the rising number of individuals who continue to make an irresponsible decision to get behind the wheel of a vehicle ... ...king & Driving." WWW2 Webserver. State University of New York Sociology Department. Web. 5 Apr. 2011. Lightner, Candy. "Campaign to Eliminate Drunk Driving." Mothers Against Drunk Driving. 2011. Web. 01 Apr. 2011. Saunders, Carol Silverman. "'It's suicide.'(Drinking and Driving)." Current Health 2, a Weekly Reader publication Feb. 1996: 26+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. Sutton, Amy L. "Drinking and Driving." Alcoholism Sourcebook. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 2007. 463. Print. "Update: Drunk Driving." Issues & Controversies On File: n. pag. Issues & Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 21 Sept. 2007. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. Wagner, Heather Lehr. Alcohol. Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 2003. Print. "What Is a Drink?" Arizona Department of Public Safety (DPS), Arizona Highway Patrol - State of Arizona. 2011. Web. 12 Apr. 2011.

Emotional Memory Essay

Emotional memory pertains to an individual’s recollection of incidents that have occurred in the past. The mechanism behind such strong retention is mainly based on the emotions that are associated with that particular event, resulting in a increased level of attention that facilitates encoding of the event in the memory of an individual. Emotional memory is also involved in ruminations of the occurrence, regardless of the length of time that has already passed away since the actual event. This kind of memory can be distinguished from other neurobiological concepts of memory because its retention is very strong due to the influence of emotions, which technically magnifies details of the incident. Research has shown that emotional memory is imprinted in the cortical region of the brain. This description is supported by observations that several neural activities occur in the cortex, thus facilitating memory retention. Several studies have indicated that emotional memory involves two major processes, namely encoding and post-encoding. The first process of encoding involves the heightened level of attention of an individual during the actual event, while post-encoding pertains to the consolidation of the details of the event after the actual incident, coupled with enhancement that is triggered by the emotions that were set off at that time. One prime example of an emotional memory is the vivid recall of an accident that is associated with physical injury and blood. Regardless of the length of time that the incident has occurred, the individual who was involved in the accident is still capable of remembering the accident even after several years. One complication of emotional memory is that an individual finds it difficult to dissociate his emotions with regards to a particular incident. It is thus extremely hard for an individual to go back to the site of an accident if this person almost died at that time. It has been suggested that evolution also plays a role in emotional memory, wherein the brain of human beings has acquired the capacity to retain details of an event in order to survive that particular incident. It may thus be possible that through fear, early primates and other higher mammals may have learned to stay away from predators and other harmful environmental components in order to survive in the wild. These species may have adapted such modes of memory by being subjected to extreme discomfort or pain that is related to incidents such as toxin exposure or predation and thus their perception for harmful conditions may have been imprinted in their brains and possibly passed on to their offspring. The exact mechanism behind the retrieval of memories associated with a particular incident based on emotional settings still remains elusive up to this date. The unique feature of storage for a prolonged period of time further complicates the pathway and several analysts have attempted to address this question. Neurobiologists have suggested that emotional memory may be act as a complete process unless an individual is able to retrieve the information associated with a specific incident in the past. Storage of information, or encoding, is simply one component of the entire emotional memory pathway yet the retrieval of specific information is essential in determining that the entire process has been completed. It has also been suggested that emotional memory is easier to access over the neutral events, and this is also partly due to the role of amygdala, which influences how the hippocampus functions at such events. In addition to the emotional influence, sleep also sways the brain to remember specific incidents, wherein the amount of sleep can result in a positive or negative condition for memory. According to Sterpenic et al. (2007), memory is influenced by sleep through the imposition of neural correlates. Through the application of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a comparison of neural connections was examined among subjects who were able to sleep for a sufficient amount of time and those who were deprived of sleep. The investigation was designed towards a stage wherein the subjects were allowed to undergo post-encoding, which is one of the two stages of emotional memory. The investigation showed that subjects who received enough hours of sleep had the ability to remember the positive events that occurred. On the other hand, an interesting observation came from those subjects who were subjected to a particular negative event. They observed that regardless of sufficiency or lack of sleep, the subject participant was able to retain the details of the negative event, most probably through the characteristic emotion that was generated from the negative stimuli. Another observation gathered by neurobiologists regarding emotional memory was that several regions of the brain were responsible in retaining such details and emotions. The two major brains areas involved in emotional memory were the hippocampus and the cortex. Specific regions of the cortex that were responsible for emotional memory included the prefrontal cortex, which is also involved in criminality. It seems that negative emotions, such as that involved in emotional memory, are largely stored in this region of the brain. Moreover, fMRI scanning showed a functional connection between these two regions of the brain and the combinatorial effect of these regions was magnified when the incident is featured with negative stimuli or emotions. It is interesting to know that sleep may also have a selective effect on the memory of an individual. The amygdala was observed to only stimulate the hippocampus for encoding when a negative event has occurred and this happens with or without sleep. On the other hand, a happy incident will only be stored in the hippocampus if an individual receives enough sleep. Such selective storage of details may be largely influenced by emotions during that particular event, and not simply by the amount of time that an individual was able to sleep. Such kinds of research investigations are thus important in the providing a better understanding of how emotions influence an individual’s memory and ultimately, one’s mental condition. It has also been shown that emotions play a major role in the storage of details in the brain. In an investigation that involved manipulation of the context of emotion of subject participants, the activity of the neural networks in the brain was examined. A specific memory tested also allowed the comparison of retrieval capacities of the brain and the research conducted by Smith et al. (2005) showed that the presence of emotions increased the likelihood that an individual will retain the details of the incident. The emotional memory tested in this study showed that the actual area of brain involved in this mechanism is the left side of the amygdala, as well as the left side of the frontotemporal region of the cortex. The study also showed that the right side of the amydala and the frontotemporal cortex was not capable enough of storing details of a specific incident, regardless of its coupling to emotions. It is thus possible that when an individual has damaged the left side of his brain, then it is impossible for him to recall any other details of his past. It should also be understood that cognition is mainly based on memory as well as emotion, yet for several yesterday there were not attempts performed into looking into the finer details of the pathway. In addition, there were also only a few reported regarding the interaction of the amygdala and the cortex and on how these two regions responded to each other’s messages. The advent of high definition imaging technologies such as the magnetic resonance imaging allowed the visualization of internal regions of the brain that were perceived to be unreachable by an other analytical means. References Smith, A. P. , Henson, R. N. , Rugg, M. D. and Dolan, R. J. (2005). Modulation of retrieval processing reflects accuracy of emotional source memory. Learning and Memory, 12, 472–479. Sterpenich, V. , Albouy, G. , Boly, M. , Vandewalle, G. , Darsaud, A. , Balteau, E. , Dang-Vu, T. T. , Desseilles. M. , D’Argembeau, A. , Gais, S. , Rauchs, G. , Schabus, M. , Degueldre, C. , Luxen, A. , Collette, F. , Maquet, P. (2007). Sleep-related hippocampo-cortical interplay during emotional memory recollection. PloS Bi

Othello Research Paper Example

Othello Research Paper Example Othello Paper Othello Paper In Othello, Shakespeare portrays the effect of power on many of the characters. In the play Iago is seen to be the dominant character that uses his power to manipulate fellow characters by his effective use of language and actions. In the play officially Othello has more power than Iago due to the rankings of the army. Shakespeare also explores the different types of power in the play, such as sexual power, military rank and emotional manipulation. Shakespeare shows that although there is a high level of power within different characters there are many different ways in which this power is used and abused. Shakespeares presentation of power in the play is shown in a variety of different ways. One of the main demonstrations of power is shown by the male dominance over women and the control men possess over women. This is shown through Bianca as her status in the play is no more than a prostitute I marry her? What! A customer? here Cassio showing no loyalty towards Bianca. In the play women are degraded due to their gender in addition Shakespeare shows how financially dependant women were upon men, reflecting the early views in the Venetian society, this was a common perspective of the view men held of women in the early 18th century, this act is shown through Iago and Emilias relationship by the power Iago has over Emilia and uses to control her Be wise and get you home he states this which shows the natural instinct of power that he has over Emilia. Manipulation is one of the important themes of the play it is very common and is used in various ways. Shakespeare presents manipulation through Iagos language and his deceiving actions. Iago uses his manipulative language and actions to find control over the fellow characters for different reasons in the play. One aspect of Iagos manipulative language is that he states brief sentences encouraging the person to jump to conclusions Cassio, my lord? No, sure I cannot think that he would steal away so guilty like seeing you coming this is indicated towards Othello, where Iagos language is seen to be supportive towards Othello however the audience can see that Othello is being manipulated in to believing that Cassio is seen to be guilty. One other strategy of Iagos manipulative language is dropping brief hints mentioning something in hope encouraging the opposing character to wander on and lead them to assumptions when he says Ha I like not that Iago is manipulating Othello in to believing that Cassio is doing something wrong and making Othello wonder what he is actually doing, this is showing the strong position of power Iago is in. The audience can see Iagos manipulation in action as he shouts towards Brabantio that Othello has taken his daughter away signifying it to be a bad thing with his choice of words Awake! What ho, Brabantio! Thieves, thieves! indicating towards Othello that he is something so hideous and that Brabantio needs to take action. The result of Brabantios anger was lead from Desdemona avoiding her fathers choice of marriage and choosing to marry Othello who is a Moor, not a Venetian, which automatically lowers his stature from Brabantios view, Brabantio wanted to be the person to find Desdemona a rich husband who can carry on the chain of the familys wealth where as Desdemona chooses Othello who is an army general where he does not have a lot of money, only some prestige. In addition, he is old; he was also Brabantios friend. The thought that could have ran through Brabantios head would have been that Army life would keep both of them out of Venice, and prevent him from seeing his daughter, or future grandchildren. These are the reason that resulted his severe anger towards Othello and Desdemona eloping. Through Shakespeares use of soliloquies we can see Iagos true intentions allowing the audience to not be deceived as the rest of the characters in the play. This allows the audience to sympathise with Othello, as we know the truth of Iagos ways and deceptions which gives the audience the power of judgment for my sport and profit Iago states how he is going to use his power to manipulate Rodrigo. The audience has in view to his sadistic ways of control over characters; also seen is his intelligence and psychological analysis allowing the manipulation of characters. Rodrigos love for Desdemona is manipulated by Iagos power and deception. Rodrigo who offered his hand in marriage to Desdemona and was rejected, my daughter is not for thee. Now his love is married to the valiant moor Rodrigo continues to believe he can attain her love and is willing to do anything to achieve his lustful objective by Iago assuring Rodrigo that as soon as Desdemonas blood is made dull with the act of sport, she will lose interest in Othello and seek sexual satisfaction elsewhere. Iago plays on Rodrigos love for Desdemona as he knows that he would do anything to get Desdemona, this means that Iago is able to use Rodrigo to his advantage but by deceiving and lying to him he makes Rodrigo believe that he may be able to finally get Desdemona, for his own advantages. Put money in thy purse because of Iagos power over Rodrigo he is able to take what his heart desires to his own advantages. The entrapment of Cassio is one of the important parts of Shakespeares presentation of power, this act between Iago and Cassio shows the significance of power because Cassio who is basically controlled by Iago leading him to be one of the causes to the downfall of Othello. The reason why Cassio is believed to be one of the main part of Othellos downfall due to the course of Iago encouraging Cassio to drink which would lead Iago to play his manipulative part, Cassio previously stated that he does not do well when he is drunk I have very poor and unhappy brains for drinking Cassio explains to Iago that he cannot handle drinking, this however convinced Iago that getting Cassio drunk he would cause potential obstruction towards Othello and Desdemonas relationship however this is one of Iagos sadistic ways in addition his other cruel objective is believed to be that he wants to destroy Othello emotionally and mentally. Iago uses his military status to his advantage, as he is in the army in which fellow characters in the play are intimidated by him this however is his key strategy to manipulate and deceive them, the reasons to why Iago is out to destroy Othello would be jealousy, jealousy because of Othello being higher ranked, being with Desdemona and jealous that fellow troops and people show him respect even though he is black. With Iagos jealousy it breaks down to power and how he uses that power to get what he wants, how he uses his power is shown through out the play through his spiteful language and deviant actions. One of the reasons Iago develops hate for Othello is when he promoted Cassio instead of him forsooth, a great arithmetician, one Michael Cassio referring to him with hate by saying he is middle class and not worthy of the job. As Shakespeare presents power in the play largely from Iago other important themes are introduced such as racism, racism is a very important element of the theme power. Othellos race is undoubtedly a source of tension due to being the only black person in that environment, by Othello being black it seems to lead the fellow white characters in the play to be superior towards him even though Othello is higher ranked then most of them. The lack of respect they show towards Othello shows they do not treat him like any other but treat him as if he were something else. Evidently we see the lack of respect by the racist remarks shown towards Othello old black ram, thick lips and the moor showing disrespect towards Othello considering themselves to have the right to state these remarks openly concluding to the physiological power they have over him in mind frame, this leads to Othellos vulnerability where he is never forgotten of his racial status and being an outsider from the lack of respect shown towards him. The reason for the racist remarks towards Othello behind his back are that they feel intimidated by him being a strong black person with a big heart and enormous amount of courage and is not afraid to speak his mind. Othello is presented as a powerful man, throughout the play we can see he is not intimidated or feared by anyone, as audiences we can see that he stands his ground and does not have anyone in the play push him around even when they questioned Othello about him taking and marrying Desdemona he still stood his ground and spoke out the truth confidently, he felt that his guilty free conscience will free him from conviction or any other sort of justice send for the lady to the sagittary and let her speak of me before her father showing that he is knows he is right and not afraid that Desdemona will seek justice upon him. As the fellow characters in the play know how powerful he is mentally and emotionally, this is one of the important reasons the state need a person like Othello such as his heart and courage, that is also the reason why Iagos only strategy was to manipulate and control his mind with false information because Iago perhaps knew that he is too dominant to try over powering any other way and the only result was to manipulate and deceive where as Iagos additional victims of control such as Cassio was carried out in a different strategy by getting him drunk and using him as he was vulnerable feeding him false information. The manipulation over Othello was lead by Iago pressurising Othello to believe that the reason Desdemona did not like him was due to his race the also lead him to compare himself to Cassio, him being black and Cassio being white it could have made sense in his mind. Summarising, we can see that Shakespeares presentation of power is one of the important themes in the play indicating towards the power of manipulating, deceiving and controlling these aspects are tend to be seen mostly through Iagos actions, throughout the play we as the audience can see that he tends to manipulate and control wherever he goes also when there is controversy he seems to be the cause of it. Power in the play also collides with other themes in the play such as racism and jealousy these two themes would naturally come from the form of power such as jealousy, looking closely at Iago because of his jealousy of Othello and Desdemonas relationship he is led to over power and manipulate fellow characters in the play to destroy their relationship in addition to racism you can see the obvious status of Othello being the outcast in the play, weighing up the evidence we can see that there are signs of effective racism in the play by the he racist remarks and the unusual treatment towards Othello. Othello is seen to be different in the play because of his race therefore reflects on other decisions such as if Desdemona were to run away with a white person Brabantios reactions would tend to be completely different knowing that he is the same race. Iago is to be hungry for power, and he will do anything to get it. He realizes that by using peoples emotions such as anger and jealousy characters such as Cassio and Rodrigo, he can control them. This led to his rise in power but caused the deaths of Othello, Desdemona, and Rodrigo, eventually leading to his downfall.

The Monopoly game and its Innovation Essay Example

The Monopoly game and its Innovation Essay Example The Monopoly game and its Innovation Paper The Monopoly game and its Innovation Paper The monopoly game was invented as the Landlord game by Charles Darrow. It has many variations in the rules, elements, etc. Monopoly can teach you to sell the realty and to use money wisely. (Walsh 2004, p. 48) Recently, most manufacturers of the monopoly game have invented many its versions in which the property names as well as other game elements have been removed and other ones have been used in the same game. This method is considered to be an effective innovation strategy which could be used again and again. The monopoly game of the Hasbro Corporation is ‘the most popular board game in the modern world’, the Corporation owners claim. – ‘More than 500 million people have played this game since its invention’. ’ (Walsh 2004, p. 48) Moreover, the Hasbro Corporation has the experience of implementing different platforms in a game that also contributes to an effective innovation strategy. Innovation helps to refresh the game of monopoly. All game improvements and modifications are good. However, there are those ones which are much better than others. The Hasbro Corporation and other companies producing the monopoly game should keep in mind a simple rule: improve or lose in the modern competitive world. To my mind, it is necessary to make some changes in the property improvements. The world is changing dramatically and the monopoly game has to develop in order to fit the current realities too. 3. Conclusion. The coursework briefly analyzes the monopoly game and its innovation. The paper proves the effectiveness and necessity of innovation in refreshing the game of monopoly. References Walsh, T. (2004) ‘The Playmakers: Amazing Origins of Timeless Toys’. Keys Publishing, Page 48.

Premium Travel Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Premium Travel - Case Study Example If energy prices decrease, the opposite will be true. Political climate is especially important for Premium Travel. Many of the destinations are in the Mediterranean region. If these areas maintain relative political calm, more people will choose these places for travel as opposed to more traditional vacation spots. If these areas experience relative instability, the opposite will be true. Today, the world economy is so interlaced that hardly an area remains unaffected by change in any other area. So, it goes with tourism. If people have less disposable income, they are less able to fund exotic vacations and may stick with more local attractions; however, if we experience global prosperity, then it is more likely people will spend their vacations more lavishly. Some of the factors that will affect Premium Travel in the future include energy prices, political climates, and the world economy. These external environmental factors will interact to form challenges for Premium Travel over the next few years.

Consumer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Consumer - Essay Example The financial system performs the overall function of moving money between savers and borrowers and this allows people to transfer their ability to use money to transform the world through time and space. (Shavinina 2003, p. 530) The financial system interacts with real economic activity through its various functions by which it facilitates economic exchange. What is the significance of this system for consumers, one may ask. The financial system plays an important role in mobilizing funds in such a way that they are transformed into assets that better meet the needs of individuals as investors and as consumers. A specific example is when financial intermediaries facilitate portfolio diversification. Here, resources are transferred across time and space, allowing investors and consumers to borrow against future income and meet current needs. Financial systems also have existing mechanisms that are pivotal in developing pricing information. This information such as the appraisal of the value of companies allows investors to make informed decisions in regard to how they allocate their money. A market that is plagued by information imperfection will result to an imbalance in the quantity and quality of investment hurting an economy’s potential. In regard to financial institutions such as banks, they perform various functions within the financial system, including the use of technological infrastructure to profitably and reliably deliver services and so extend the institutional trust upon which the financial system depends. A particularly important role played by financial institution is how they ease the tension between a saver’s preference for liquidity and the entrepreneurs’ requirement for long-term financing. Because of this, wrote Nnadozie, at any given level of saving, an efficient financial system will allow for a higher level of investment by maximizing the proportion of saving that actually finances investment. (p.